Figure 1: Valved ophicleide (front view). Ant. Ferd. Michalek (Prague, ca. 1844–50). Městské muzeum Týn nad Vltavou.
Figure 2: Serpent. Marin Mersenne, Harmonie Universelle contenant la théorie et la practique de la musique, Vol. 4: Traité des instruments (Paris: Pierre Ballard, 1637), 279.
Figure 3: (from left to right) Serpent droit, Serpent Basson, ou Ophibaryton; Serpent (autre espèce, en forme de basson) à six clefs; Basson russe. Jean-Georges Kastner, Manuel général de musique militaire (Paris: Typ. Firmin Didot frères, 1848), Pl. XIII, Nos. 2, 3, 4.
Figure 4: Keyed ophicleide (B-flat). Wessex (China, ca. 2015) (after Gautrot ainé [Paris, ca. 1840]). Private ownership.
Figure 5: Bassbombardon. Wenzel Riedl, Bassbombardon (Austro-Hungarian Patent 1558, filed 19 August 1833, issued 24 August 1833), Appendix I.
Figure 6: Bass Bombarton oder Harmonie-Bass. Josef Felix Riedl, Catalogue, ca. 1830–35. Reproduced in Ignace de Keyser, “The keyed ophicleide as a paradigm in the development of the new wind instruments in the 1830s and 1840s,” in Vom Serpent zur Tuba: Entwicklung und Einsatz der tiefen Polsterzungeninstrumente mit Grifflöchern und Ventilen, ed. Christian Philipsen (Augsburg: Wißner-Verlag, 2019), 69–88, here 72.
Figure 7: Bombardon, Eugène Roy, Méthode de Cor de Signal a clefs (Mainz: B. Schott Söhne, ca. 1825), 26; or Ophicleide, Bonifazio Asioli, Transunto dei principj elementari di musica compilati dal celebre m.° B. Asioli & breve metodo per ophicleide e cimbasso (Milan: Bertuzzi, 1825), 9.
Figure 8: Die Ophikleide. Eduard Freiherr von Lannoy, “Die Ophikleide,” in Allgemeine Theaterzeitung und Originalblatt für Kunst, Literatur, Musik, Mode und geselliges Leben 27, no. 113 (7 June 1834), 451–52, here 451.
Figure 9: Die Chromatische Baß-Tuba. Wilhelm Wieprecht and Johann Gottfried Moritz, Die Chromatische Baß-Tuba (Prussian Patent 9121, filed 9 August 1835, issued 12 September 1835), Appendix I.
Figure 10: Valved ophicleide (shield). Ant. Ferd. Michalek (Prague, ca. 1844–50). Městské muzeum Týn nad Vltavou.
Figure 11: Valved ophicleide. Votruba (Vienna, 2017) (after Ant. Ferd. Michalek [Prague, ca. 1844–50]). Private ownership.
Figure 12: Valved ophicleide. Leopold Uhlmann (Vienna, 1838–40). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, 89.4.2457.
Figure 13: Bombardon. “Blechinstrumente aus der Fabrik von Wenzel Cerveny zu Königsgräz in Böhmen,” in Illustrirte Zeitung 417: Appendix No. 8 (28 June 1851), 484.
Figure 14: Kaiser-Tuba. Karl Emil von Schafhäutl, “V. F. Cerveny in Königgrätz und sein Reich von Blechblasinstrumenten” in Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung 17, no. 52 (27 December 1882): col. 841–879, here col. 878.
Figure 15: Valved ophicleide (side view). Ant. Ferd. Michalek (Prague, ca. 1844–50). Městské muzeum Týn nad Vltavou.
Figure 16: Bore profile of Michálek valved ophicleide, measured by Ryoto Akiyama on 5 January 2023 at Městské muzeum Týn nad Vltavou.
Figure 17: Detail (instrumentation) from Karl Komzák I, Polka “Vesnická” (manuscript, n.d.), 1.